§Sophisticated understanding requires that students constantly use and rethink their concepts, points of view, and theories.
§Rethinking as a design element causes students after developing their initial idea, explanation, concept, or theory, to encounter and make sense of
lrelated but dissimilar
experiences.
lShifts in perspective
(different people’s views, books, theories,
and events).
lWeird facts, anomalies,
or surprises.